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KMID : 0352019880130010183
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Kyung Hee University Medical Journal
1988 Volume.13 No. 1 p.183 ~ p.212
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A Comparative Study on the Physique, Physical Fitness, Skinfold Thickness, Blood Pressure, Serum lipid and Serum HDL-Cholesterol between Golfer and Non-golfer in Korea
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Abstract
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These surveys and measurement took for 13 months from 1 April, 1987 to 30 April, 1988 and the subjects of this study consist of 18 non-golfer who are official worker and 23 persons who are playing golf for their health control. The researcher measured the physique, physical fitness, skinfold thickness, blood pressure, urine pH, serum biochemical test (sGOT, sGPT, glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol) and the data from these surveys were analyzed through computer and compared with the values of the two groups.
The results are as follows.
1. Physique
The body height of non-golfer group is 170.0±3.7cm and the golfer group is 169.4±4.2cm. So there is no statistical difference between the values of the two groups and the values agree to the Korean´s standard.
The body weights are 74.6± 10.2kg for non-golfer group and 67.9±9.8kg for golfer group, so the golfer group oisplays far less value than control group (p<0.05). And the young people´s weight are heavier than old people´s in both groups.
The chest girth are 95.8± 1.4cm for non-golfer group and 92.4± 6.1 cm for golfer group, so the golfer´s value is lower than control group´s (p<0.025).
The sitting height are 91.6± 1.1 cm for non-golfer group and 90.3±2.8cm for golfer group, so the control group´ sitting height is somewhat higher than golfer group´s (p<0.05).
The abdominal circumference are 88.1±2.7cm for non-golfer group and 83.8±6.6cm for golfer group,
so the control group´s value is far higher than golfer group´s (p<0.01). The abdominal circumference increases in accordance with advancing ages.
As considered according to the golf career, the results are as follows;
Body height and sitting height; the group of less than 5 years= the group of over 5 years.
Body weight and abdominal circumference; the group of less than 5 years> the group of over 5 years. Chest girth; the group of less than 5 years> the group of over 5 years.
2. Mean values of skinfold thickness
The mean values of skinfold thickness are 14.3±1.9mm for non-golfer group and 11.0±4.9mm for golfer group, so the golfer group´s thickness displays thinner than non-golfer group´s (p<0.01). There is no difference of the values of subscapular skinfold thickness between control and golfer groups, but the non-golfer group´s values of abdominal, lumbar and upper arm are thickner than golfer group´s (p<0.01).
As considered according to the age, in the region of abdominal, lumbar, upper arm, there is a difference between non-golfer group´s and golfer´s.
As considered the mean values of skinfold thickness according to golf handy, the single group shows the lowest value of 8.0±3.6mm, followed 11.0±3.6mm of control group. The Beginner group shows the value of 11.6±5.4mm. The ascending ordyr of the mean values of skinfold thickness are Single group, Average group, and Beginner group.
As considered according golf carrer, the group of over 5 years shows lower value of 9.5±4.4mm than 11.6± 5.1 mm of the group of less than 5 years.
In all of 4 regions, the career group of over 5 years shows the low value of skinfold thickness.
As mentioned above, the non-golfer groups skinfold thicknesses in 4 site of body are in descending order of the lumbar, abdominal, upper arm, and subscapular site. And the values of golfer group are in descending order of the abdominal, lumbar, subscapular, and upper arm.
3. Physical Fitness
1) Grip strength
In the comparison between non-golfer group and golfer group, the grip strengths of right hand are 46.7±3.5 for control group and 46.3±5.0 for golfer group. So the golfer group shows somewhat less value than the control group (p>0.05). But in case of left hand, the golfer group shows far higher value of 49.0±3.0 than 43.1±5.9 of the control group.
As considered according to golf handy, the grip strengthes are in order of single group > average group > Beginner group.
As considered according to the golf career, in both of right and left hand, the grip strengthes are in order of the group of over 5 years > the group of less than 5 years.
4. Blood Pressure
In the non-golfer group, systolic blood pressure is 134.7±8.6mmHg and diastolic pressure is 89.3± 3.2mmHg. In the golfer group, systolic pressure is 123.8±6.7mmHg and diastolic is 83.0±7.4mmHg. Therefore, blood pressure of both groups are in the normal range.
As considered according to age group, all the values are identical. But in the systolic and diastolic pressures of non-golfer group shows higher than the golfer group.
As considered according to golf handy, the blood pressure shows in descending order of single group, average group, and bengineer group. Arid as considered according to the golf career, the group of less than 5 years. But both groups are in the normal range.
5. sGOT and sGOT
The sGOT and the sGPT activities are 33.5±7.9μ/l and 38.5±11.4μ/L in non-golfer group 28.6±5.5μ/L and 31.08±8.5μ/L in golfer group. So golfer group´s value are somewhat lower than non-golfer group´s.
As considered according to the age group, young people show higher sGOT and sGPT activities than older age group. This tendency is also shown in the sGOT activities of golfer group. But in the sGPT activities, the younger age group´s values are lower than the older age groups, and the sGPT values are increased with advancing age. As considered according to golf handy, the values of sGOT and sGTP are in ascending order of single group, < average group, and beginner group.
6. Serum glucose
The mean value of serum glucose of the non-golfer group shows 102.9± 16.2mg/dl and that of the golfer group is 89.4±22.lmg/dl. So the golfer group indicates lower value than the nongolfer group. There is no difference according to age, golf handly and golf career.
7. Serum lipid
1) Serum cholesterol
The serum cholesterol level is 219.1±42.1mg/dl for in the non-golfer group and 208.1±40.Omg/dl in the golfer group. So there isn´t any significant difference between the two groups and all values are in normal range. The control group´s value increases with advancing ages but golfer group´s values doesn´t show any change.
As considered according to golf handy, the values are decreasing in order of average group, beginner group, and single group.
As considered according to golf carrer, the group of over 5 years shows lower value than the group of less than 5 years.
2) Serum triglyceride
In the golfer group, the serum triglyceride value is 152.0±73.2mg/dl, and this values is in normal range. The values of triglyceride increase with advancing ages.
As considered according to golf handy, the values are decreasing in order of single group, average group, and Beginner group. As considered according to golf career, the values in the group of over 5 years is lower than the group of less than 5 years.
3) Serum HDL-cholesterol
In the golfer group, the value of serum HDL-cholesterol is 47.6± 123mg/dl. The 5th decade showws the highest value of 49.7± 16.3mg/dl followed by 4th decade and 6th decade.
As considered according to golf handy, the average group indicates the highest value of 51.8±8.9mg/dl, followed by the beginner group of 47.8± 13.8mg/dl. The single group showss 41.0±4.6mg/dl.
As considered according to the golf career, the group of over 5 years shows higher value of 49.5±16.9 mg/dl than the group of less than 5 years of 46.91±10.8mg/dl.
8. Serum uric acid
In golfer group, the mean value of uric acid is 61.5± 1.02mg/dl. There is no difference according to the age, golf handy and golf career. All the values are in normal range, But the beginner group and the group of less than 5 years show somewhat lower value.
9. Urine pH
The mean value of urine pH shows 5.5±0.9. There is no difference according to the age. But the urine pH comes to neutrality in accordance with advancing golf career and golf handy.
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